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License:
NOODL-1.0
Steward:
Institute of African Digital HumanitiesDataset ID:
cmrxrbueb00bll407nsqplz8t
Release Date: 7/23/2026
Format: TSV, PDF
Size: 78.82 KB
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A Bakoko Sociocultural Dataset is a sociocultural and onomastic dataset documenting the Bakoko community of Cameroon (an Édéa-area group (self-named Adie) with an oral tradition of Egyptian origin), collected under the project "Projet de confection d'un didacticiel sur la composition des peuplements au Cameroun" (a didactic-software project on the composition of Cameroon's settled peoples), coordinated by Prof. Emmanuel Ngue Um for CERDOTOLA (the Inter-State Institution of scientific co-operation for the preservation, diffusion and valorization of the African cultural heritage) during the project's pilot data-collection phase in March-April 2020. Unlike a purely linguistic corpus, the dataset foregrounds the community itself as the unit of documentation: its history, social organisation, religious life and material culture, with onomastics, common expressions and a numeral system providing a linguistic component elicited in the community's own speech (recorded in the International Phonetic Alphabet, or in a Latin-based approximation where IPA was not available to the fieldworker). The group calls itself Adie (“sons of Mpoo, under the name Likande”) and is administratively known as Bakoko; it lives integrated with Bassa, Bati-Mpoo, Beti and Bamileke neighbours. Oral tradition traces a distant origin to Egypt, with intermediate stays at Logbikoy, Mfoundi, the Lékié, Kribi and Lolodorf before settlement on land the group has occupied since before colonisation. The group comprises two intermarrying sub-groups, the Benanes and the Dogtomèn, with one exception: marriage is barred when a woman's mother originates from the other clan. Descent is patrilineal; decisions were traditionally taken by consensus at the level of the chiefdom, and marriage historically began with bride-capture before evolving into a formal sequence of hand-request, bridewealth and celebration. The *djee* cult, performed by initiated members, was the group's strongest ancestral cult. Recognised taboos include adultery, incest and betrayal of the group's rules. Livelihoods combine hunting, fishing, logging and farming for men, and farming and household work for women, with dishes such as *kona ngond* and cassava, taro, sweet potato and macabo as staples, and raphia and palm wine as traditional drinks. Ritual dance is gender-specific: the *kòɔ* for women and the *djee* for men, alongside social dances such as *bisana* and *béya*. The dataset's primary added value lies in documenting the Bakoko community's own self-description — its social organisation, kinship and marriage practices, religious and symbolic life, economy and material culture, and internal system of personal, ethnic and place names — rather than only its named language or dialect. This community-centred, ethnographic design distinguishes it from language-only documentation, while the accompanying onomastic, common-expression and numeral-system data still make the dataset usable for lexicographic and comparative linguistic work on the Bakoko variety.
Licensing
Nwulite Obodo Open Data Licence 1.0 (NOODL-1.0)
https://licensingafricandatasets.com/nwulite-obodo-licenseRestrictions/Special Constraints
By downloading this dataset, you agree: - To use it for research and scientific use only - that you will not re-host or re-share this dataset
Forbidden Usage
You agree not to use the data for: profiling, surveillance or any purpose prejudicial to the interests of the individuals or community described; caricaturing, stereotyping, or otherwise misrepresenting the community documented; Generative AI; reproduction; duplication; modification; augmentation; copying; distribution; transmission; display; sale; transfer; publication or creation of derivative works without the explicit permission of the legal owner of the dataset.
Intended Use
(a) Ethnographic and cultural documentation: - Sociocultural and anthropological research: The narrative responses (identity, residence and mobility, social and political organisation, kinship and marriage, religious and symbolic life, economy and material culture) support ethnographic, anthropological and sociolinguistic research on the Bakoko community, and complement rather than replace existing ethnographic and anthropological scholarship. (b) Onomastic and toponymic research: - Personal-name, ethnonym and toponym documentation: The structured onomastic entries, each tagged with a semantic primitive and grammatical category, support onomastic and lexicographic research and comparative naming-practice studies across Cameroonian communities. (c) Linguistic and lexicographic tasks: - Lexicon documentation and comparative numeral typology: The common-expression and numeral-system tables, transcribed where possible in IPA, are useful for building basic lexical resources for the Bakoko variety and for comparative numeral-system typology across Cameroonian languages. (d) Pedagogical and educational-software use: - Didactic-software content: As part of the pilot phase of a project building educational (“didacticiel”) material on the composition of Cameroon's settled peoples, the dataset supports the development of teaching content on the Bakoko community's history, culture and onomastics.
The group calls itself Adie (“sons of Mpoo, under the name Likande”) and is administratively known as Bakoko; it lives integrated with Bassa, Bati-Mpoo, Beti and Bamileke neighbours. Oral tradition traces a distant origin to Egypt, with intermediate stays at Logbikoy, Mfoundi, the Lékié, Kribi and Lolodorf before settlement on land the group has occupied since before colonisation.
The group comprises two intermarrying sub-groups, the Benanes and the Dogtomèn, with one exception: marriage is barred when a woman's mother originates from the other clan. Descent is patrilineal; decisions were traditionally taken by consensus at the level of the chiefdom, and marriage historically began with bride-capture before evolving into a formal sequence of hand-request, bridewealth and celebration.
The djee cult, performed by initiated members, was the group's strongest ancestral cult. Recognised taboos include adultery, incest and betrayal of the group's rules.
Livelihoods combine hunting, fishing, logging and farming for men, and farming and household work for women, with dishes such as kona ngond and cassava, taro, sweet potato and macabo as staples, and raphia and palm wine as traditional drinks. Ritual dance is gender-specific: the kòɔ for women and the djee for men, alongside social dances such as bisana and béya.
The interview was conducted with the local expert speaking Bakoko. Rubrique 4 of the questionnaire elicited 157 common bilingual expressions (salutations, politeness formulas and everyday phrases), of which 157 have an endogenous-language form recorded to date; rubrique 5 elicited a 107-item numeral system, of which 49 have an endogenous-language form recorded to date. Together with the anthroponyms, ethnonyms and toponyms in rubrique 3, these fields constitute the dataset's linguistic component and are transcribed, where possible, in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA/API), per the questionnaire's instructions; where a fieldworker was not proficient in IPA, a Latin-alphabet approximation was used instead. No audio recordings are included in this release, although the questionnaire's protocol called for the full interview to be captured on dictaphone.
The dataset was collected through a questionnaire designed to gather sociocultural and onomastic information about the Bakoko community. This was done during the pilot data-collection phase (March-April 2020) of the "Projet de confection d'un didacticiel sur la composition des peuplements au Cameroun," coordinated by Prof. Emmanuel Ngue Um for CERDOTOLA (Centre International des Civilisations Bantu / Institution Inter-Etats de cooperation scientifique pour la preservation, la diffusion et la mise en valeur du patrimoine africain), in partnership with the Ecole normale superieure de Bertoua. Record identifier: BKKO_2020_001.
The dataset represents a sociocultural and onomastic questionnaire designed to elicit the identity, history, social organisation, religious life, economy and material culture of a named community in Cameroon, together with a structured record of its personal names, ethnic names and place names, common bilingual expressions, and numeral system. The questionnaire was developed for the pilot phase of a project building educational (“didacticiel”) material on the composition of Cameroon's settled peoples; unlike a purely linguistic questionnaire, its entry point and primary unit of documentation is the community, not its language or dialect, although a linguistic component (onomastics, common expressions, numeral system) is elicited throughout in the community's own speech.
The dataset comprises 51 narrative question/answer entries (rubriques 2 and 3.1-3.6); 23 anthroponym entries, 8 ethnonym entries and 28 toponym entries (rubrique 3); 157 of 157 common expressions with an endogenous-language form recorded (rubrique 4); 49 of 107 numeral-system entries with an endogenous-language form recorded (rubrique 5); and a fixed 65-item reference table of NSM semantic primitives (annex).
This release comprises six related tables, distributed here as separate tab-separated-value (TSV) files (one per original spreadsheet sheet) alongside the PDF version of this submission form:
1_Metadonnees_Enquete.tsv: One row of administrative metadata for the questionnaire: record identifier, questionnaire title/version/author, the group's administrative and emic (self-given) names and their meaning, names given by/to neighbouring groups, location, fieldwork date, language(s) used, and consultant information.
2_Reponses_Ouvertes.tsv: Question/answer pairs for the open-ended narrative sub-sections of rubriques 2 (sociocultural profile: identity, residence and mobility, social and political organisation and kinship, religious life, socio-economic and sociocultural life) and 3.1.1-3.1.6 (general anthroponymic structure), with the original French question, the free-text answer, and the language(s) in which the answer was given.
3_Onomastique.tsv: One row per onomastic entry (anthroponym, ethnonym or toponym): orthographic form, IPA transcription where available, literal meaning/etymology, an associated NSM semantic primitive and grammatical category, and (for anthroponyms) the type of name.
4_Expressions_Usuelles.tsv: One row per common bilingual expression (greetings, politeness formulas and everyday phrases): the French prompt, the endogenous-language form where recorded, an IPA transcription where available, and a word-for-word gloss.
5_Systeme_Numeral.tsv: One row per numeral (1 upward): the French label, the endogenous-language form where recorded, an IPA transcription where available, and a compositional gloss (e.g. 7 = 6+1).
6_Annexe_Primitifs.tsv: The fixed reference table of Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) primitives (Goddard & Wierzbicka) used to tag onomastic entries in sheet 3.
Anthroponyms (from 3_Onomastique.tsv):
| Anthroponym | Meaning / notes |
|---|---|
| Dikoume | Lune |
| Bamba | Bamboo |
| Adie | Raison |
| Mbogle | Maison |
| Etame | Foie |
Common expressions (from 4_Expressions_Usuelles.tsv):
| French | Bakoko | Word-for-word gloss |
|---|---|---|
| Salut (formule neutre, à toute heure) | Matama Mènè | |
| salutations du matin (une personne) | Mooni | |
| salutations du matin (plusieurs personnes) | Ma mooni mènè | |
| salutations du matin (en signe de déférence/respect) | À kinè kiirίbèn | |
| salutations de la mi-journée (une personne) | Kourbin |
Numeral system (from 5_Systeme_Numeral.tsv):
| French | Bakoko |
|---|---|
| Un | yaa |
| Deux | Bìbâa |
| Trois | bihàà |
| Quatre | Binàa |
| Cinq | Bitàan |
| Six | bisamàa |